Allelopathy of Ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and Aquadest Extracts of Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) Leaves as a Bioherbicide in Controlling Spenochlea zeylanica

Abstract

Spenochela zeylanica is the most prevalent weed of paddy rice in Indonesia, and therefore its presence
necessitates control in order to reduce the potential for yield losses. The use of chemical herbicides as a control method is
prevalent, but their environmental impact and potential for inducing weed resistance are significant drawbacks. It is
therefore necessary to identify control methods that are environmentally friendly and capable of overcoming weed
resistance. The leaves of Chromolaena odorata have allelopathic properties that could be harnessed for use as a
bioherbicide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of C. odorata leaf extractions using diverse organic
solvents as a bioherbicide for the management of S. zeylanica. This study used a randomized group design (RBD) with 11
treatments and 3 replications, including: T0: no treatment; 96% ethanol extraction: T1(5%), T2(10%), T3(15%); ethyl
acetate extraction: T4(5%), T5(10%), T6(15%); aquadest extraction: T7(5%), T8(10%), T9(15%); T10: 2,4-D herbicide
(648 g a.i./ha). The findings indicated that the extraction of C. odorata using various organic solvents exhibited promise as
a bioherbicide, displaying the capacity to poison weeds up to 100% (T2, T3, T6, T8, T9) and effectively suppressing the
height, root development, and chlorophyll content of S. zeylanica.